Alternative buffers Reverse bias Absorption Alternative module structure Thin-film solar cells A Fullerenes Amorphous silica Synthesis Aluminum-doped zinc oxide ATR-FTIR Thin film Photoemission spectroscopy Anode ITO free electrode Alkali ABSORPTION TIO2 CuIn H Characterization Raman X-ray diffraction Planar heterojunction Buffer layers Surface morphology Analogue N-doping CIGSe Fill factor Anatase colloidal solution for printing GaSe2 Back contact Electropolymerization Nanoparticles BaTiO3 BTO ADDITIVE E171 Absorption spectroscopy Active layers J-C Tandem solar cells ALPHA-AMYLASE Aniline and thiophene derivatives Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride Photovoltaics 2D nanomaterials Organic solar cells L Epitaxy 31P NMR 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole Ftouhi A Thin films 34-propylenedioxypiyrrole Bernède Titanium dioxide Electrical properties Addou A Interfaces Interfaces Anatase Ambipolar material Copper indium gallium selenide Sodium Cattin Aminofluorene thiophene derivatives Actinide conditioning Solar cell Adsorption Alpha-sexithiophene Thin films Buffer layer CIGS Ambipolar organic layer Photoluminescence Band diagram B Vapour deposition E171 Planar heterojunctions Molybdenum oxide ADSORPTION Organic solar cell 4-propylenedioxythiophene Alkali fluoride postdeposition treatments Anode buffer layer PVD Organic photovoltaic cells Band alignment 4-ethylenedioxythiophene Aqueous colloidal solution Molybdenum trioxide Arzel Silicon A Partial shading Atomic force microscopy Lamkaouane XPS M Solar cells